ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors, or be overly active.

Signs and symptoms :

These children grow out of this behaviour and face problems in school and social gatherings. Symptoms like:

• Talks too much
• Daydreaming
• On the go always
• Can't sit at one place
• Switch from one activity to another
• Fast movements
• Running, jumping all over
• make careless mistakes or take unnecessary risks
• have a hard time resisting temptation
• have trouble taking turns
• have difficulty getting along with others
• Fast speech
• Can be clumsy

Types of ADHD :

• ADHD, inattentive and distractible type: This type of ADHD is characterised predominately by inattention and distractibility without hyperactivity.
• ADHD, impulsive/hyperactive type: This is the least common type of ADHD is characterised by impulsive and hyperactive behaviours without inattention and distractibility.
• ADHD, combined type: This is the most common type of ADHD, is characterised by impulsive and hyperactive behaviours as well as inattention and distractibility.

Causes of ADHD

The cause(s) and risk factors for ADHD are unknown, but current research shows that genetics plays an important role.

• Genetic factors
• Low dopamine level
• Brain injury
• Exposure to environmental risks (e.g., lead) during pregnancy or at a young age
• Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy
• Premature delivery
• Low birth weight

Diagnosis of ADHD

A paediatrician, child psychiatrist, or a qualified mental health professional usually identifies ADHD in children. 

• Family history
• Child's behaviour history
• observations of the child's behaviour 
• psychoeducational testing 
• Birth history
• Past medical History
• Ongoing medications
• Medical examination
• Neurological investigation

Treatment and medication

• Psychostimulant medications: These medications are used for their ability to balance chemicals in the brain that prohibit the child from maintaining attention and controlling impulses. 
• Behavioural therapy 
• Sensory integration therapy 
• Physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy if required